Gender-based violence (GBV) refers to harmful acts directed at an individual based on their sex and gender. It stems from unequal power relationships and systemic discrimination rooted in societal norms and expectations regarding gender roles. GBV encompasses physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence and can occur in both private and public spheres. It is rooted in gender inequality and arises from and reinforces unequal power relations. GBV is recognized as a violation of human rights and a criminal act, highlighting